Internet Ancient History Sourcebook
Full Texts
See Main Page for a guide to
all contents of all sections.
Links to full texts of books available at this and other sites will be listed here. The
texts are also integrated within the overall structure of the Sourcebook.
This listing is to aid compilers of web guides to online books, etc.
The books that tend to have been put online here, or those that have been linked, tend
to be those entire books that are often assigned to students in college classes to be read
along with the more usual excerpted texts.
Contents
- Mesopotamia
- Full texts here
- Full texts elsewhere
- Egypt
- Full texts here
- Full texts elsewhere
- Israel
- Full texts here
- Full texts elsewhere
- Greece
- Full texts here
- Historians
- Poets
- Dramatists
- Philosophers
- Orators
- Other
- Full texts elsewhere
- Historians
- Poets
- Dramatists
- Novels
- Philosophers
- Orators
- Science
- Other
- Rome
- Full texts here
- Historians
- Poets
- Thinkers
- Other
- Full texts elsewhere
- Historians
- Poets
- Thinkers
- Other
- Christian
- Full texts here
- Full texts elsewhere
- Asian Texts
- Full texts here
- Full texts elsewhere
Mesopotamia
- Full texts here
- Full texts elsewhere
Back to Index
Egypt
- Full texts here
- Full texts elsewhere
Back to Index
Israel
- Full texts here
- Full texts elsewhere
-
WEB Old Testament Pseudepigrapha Full texts.
- WEB Bible GateWay
An amazing site that has the Bible available in the original languages, and in many English translations, and in other languages. The site lets you look at any chapter or verse and compare
texts between multiple examples. In this example you can see Genesis Chapter 1 in two English versions, Hebrew, and Latin. This is very handy if you are trying to see what different translators have though a word means.
- WEB Bible Hub
Similar to Bible Gateway, but with more emphasis on access to comments and dictionaries.
- WEB Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft/German Bible Society: Septuagint
A German website (with English Interface) giving access to various translations. Here it is set to go to the Septuagint (the ancient Greek translation of the Bible) which is not available at Bible Gateway. The Septuagint is sometimes considered as not just a translation, but a different witness to the earliest texts of the Hebrew Bible.
WEB The Digital Dead Sea Scrolls
The Dead Sea Scrolls are by far the earliest
Hebrew manuscripts with the text of the Bible (and other religious literature).
- WEB Early Jewish Writings [Internet Archive back up here]
Biblical and non-biblical texts, Josephus, Philo, Talmud.
- WEB Sefaria
Sefaria is home to 3,000 years of Jewish texts.A non-profit organization offering free access to texts, translations, and commentaries.
-
Josephus (37- after 93 CE): Complete
Works [At CCEL]
Includes Antiquities of the Jews, The Jewish War and Against Apion
Back to Index
Greece
- Full texts here
- Historians
- Herodotus (c.490-c.425 BCE)
- Aristotle (384-323 BCE)
- Xenophon (c.428-c.354 BCE)
- Anabasis, or March Up Country or Persia
Expedition
- Pausanias (fl.c.160 CE)
- Poets
- Homer (c.8th Cent. BCE)
-
The Iliad trans. into prose by Samuel Butler [At this Site, formerly
ERIS][Full Text]
-
The Odyssey trans. Samuel Butler [At this Site, formerly ERIS][Full
Text]
- The Odyssey trans. Samuel Butcher and A. Lang [At this Site]
- Dramatists
- Aeschylus (525-456 BCE)
- Sophocles (496-405/6 BCE)
- Antigone 442 BCE [At this Site, formerly ERIS]
- Euripides (c.485-406 BCE)
- The Bacchae [At this Site, formerly ERIS] won
trilogy competition, posthumously, in c.405 BCE
Hippolytus [At this Site, formerly ERIS] won
trilogy competition in 428 BCE.
- Aristophanes (c.445-c.385 BCE)
- The Acharnians 425 BCE [Was At Eserver, now Internet Archive]
- The Birds 414 BCE [Was At Eserver, now Internet Archive]
- The Clouds 423 BCE
[Was At Eserver, now Internet Archive]
- The Ecclesiazusae (Women in Politics) [Was At Eserver, now Internet Archive]
- The Frogs 405 BCE
[Was At Eserver, now Internet Archive]
- The Knights 424BCE
[Was At Eserver, now Internet Archive]
- Lysistrata 411 BCE
[Was At Eserver, now Internet Archive]
- Peace 421 BCE [Was At Eserver, now Internet Archive]
- Plutus 382 BCE (his last
play) [Was At Eserver, now Internet Archive]
- The Thesmophorizusae 411BCE [Was At Eserver, now Internet Archive]
- The Wasps 422 BCE
[Was At Eserver, now Internet Archive]
- Philosophers
- Plato (427-347 BCE)
- Aristotle (384-323 BCE)
- Xenophon (c.428-c.354 BCE)
- (Pseudo)-Plutarch
- Des Opinions des philosophes
Full text of a French translation. This seems to have been the first collection of placita in terms of philosopher's opinions organized into themes.
- Orators
- Aeschines (c.390-c.322 BCE)
- Other
- Full texts elsewhere
- WEB Ancient Greek Texts: Full texts in electronic format
Entire site is in Greek. Texts are in Ancient Greek, some with translation into Modern Greek or English.
- WEB Demonax Hellenic Library [Internet Archive backup here]
Many full texts, organised by period, in a very clean style of presentation.
- WEB Internet Classics Archive [At MIT] [Internet Archive backup here]
Longstanding web resource with the texts of 441 works of classical literature from 59 authors.
- Historians
- Herodotus (c.490-c.425 BCE)
- Thucydides (c.460/455-c.399 BCE)
- Xenophon (c.428-c.354 BCE)
- Aristotle (384-323 BCE)
- Plutarch (c.46-c.120 CE)
- Pausanias (fl.c.160 CE)
- Arrian (d.c.160 CE)
- Poets
- Homer (c.8th Cent. BCE)
- WEB The Chicago Homer [Northwestern University]
A multilingual database that uses the search and display capabilities of electronic texts to make the distinctive features of Early Greek epic accessible to readers with and without Greek. Except for fragments, it contains all the texts of these poems in the original Greek. In addition, the Chicago Homer includes English and German translations, in particular Lattimore's Iliad, James Huddleston's Odyssey, Daryl Hine's translations of Hesiod and the Homeric Hymns, and the German translations of the Iliad and Odyssey by Johan Heinrich Voss.
- The Iliad trans. Alexander Pope [Project Gutenberg]
- The Iliad trans. Andrew Lang [Project Gutenberg]
- The Iliad trans. William Cowper [Project Gutenberg]
- The Iliad trans. Edward, Earl of Derby [Project Gutenberg]
- The Iliads trans. George Chapman [Project Gutenberg]
- The Iliad trans. Theodore Buckley [Project Gutenberg]
- The Iliad in Ancient Greek [Project Gutenberg]
- The Iliad trans. Robert Fagles [Internet Archive borrow facility]
- The Iliad, trans. Ian Johnston [Internet Archive version here]
- The Iliad, abridged trans. Ian Johnston [Internet Archive version here]
- The Odyssey trans. Samuel Butcher and A. Lang [At Bartleby][Full Text]
- The Odyssey trans.
Samuel Butler [At MIT][Full Text]
- The Odyssey trans. Samuel Butcher and A. Lang [Project Gutenberg][Full Text]
- The Odyssey trans. Samuel Butler [Project Gutenberg][Full Text]
- The Odyssey trans. William Cowper [Project Gutenberg][Full Text]
- The Odyssey trans. Alexander Pope [Project Gutenberg][Full Text]
- The Odyssey in Latin [Project Gutenberg][Full Text]
- The Odyssey A in Ancient Greek [Project Gutenberg][Full Text]
- The Odyssey, trans. Ian Johnston [Internet Archive version here]
- The Odyssey, abridged trans. Ian Johnston [Internet Archive version here]
- The Odyssey trans. Robert Fagles [Internet Archive borrow facility][This Recommended or recent translation by Emily Wilson]
- Homeric Fragments [At OMACL]
- Homeric Hymns [At
OMACL]
- Hesiod (c.700 BCE)
- Sappho (c.580 BCE)
- Dramatists
- Aeschylus (525-456 BCE
- Sophocles (496-405/6 BCE)
- Euripides (c.485-406 BCE)
- Aristophanes (c.445-c.385 BCE)
- Menander (342/1-293/89 BCE)
- Novels
- Lucius Apuleius (c. 123-c. 170 CE): Metamorphoses or The Golden Ass, trans. Adlington 1566 [Was At Eserver, now Internet Archive] See also Latin Text [At Bibliotheca
Augustana]
- Lucius Apuleius (c. 123-c. 170 CE): Metamorphoses trans. Adlington 1566 [Project Gutenberg]
- Lucius Apuleius (c. 123-c. 170 CE): Metamorphoses trans. Adlington 1566 [Internet Archive]
- Lucius Apuleius (c. 123-c. 170 CE): Metamorphoses Trans. A. S. Kline 2013 [Poetry in Translation] [Local copy here]
- Chariton (2nd Cent CE?): Chaireas and Callirhoe [Synopsis of the Plot][Was At Montclair, now Internet Archive]
- Achilles Tatius (2nd Cent CE): Clitophon and Leucippe, trans S. Gaselee 1917, Full Text. [Internet Archive]
- Longus (2nd Century CE): Daphnis and Chloe, trans. George Thornley 1657, full text [Internet Archive]
- Heliodorus of Emesa (3rd or 4th Centr CE): The Aethiopica or Theagenes and Chariclea, trans Thomas Underdowne 1587, rev. F.A. Wright [At Elfinspell] [Internet Archive version here]
- Philosophers
- Plato (427-347 BCE)
- Aristotle (384-323 BCE)
- Epicurus (342-270 BCE)
- Diogenes Laertius (3rd Century CE)
- Science
- WEB Euclid (c.300 BCE): Elements [At
Clark][Full Text] [Internet Archive version here]
- Galen (129-199 CE): On the Natural
Faculties, [At MIT][Chapter files] or one text file [ERIS]
- Galen (129-199 CE): On the Natural
Faculties, [At MIT][Full Text][Chapter files]
- Galen (129-199 CE): On the Natural Faculties, [Was At Medicina Antiqua, now Internet Archive]
- Galen (129-199 CE): On Hippocrates On the Nature of Man [Was At Medicina Antiqua, now Internet Archive]
-
WEB Hippocratic
Texts (c.430-330 BCE) [MIT][Selected Texts]
- Hero of Alexandria (fl/ 62 CE): Pneumatics [Full Text] [Was At Steam Engine Library, now Internet Archive]
-
Claudius Ptolemy (C.127-148 CE) : The
Geography [At Lacus Curtius]
- Claudius Ptolemy (C.127-148 CE): Planisphaerium, medieval Arabic translations and an English translation thereof. PDF file [Internet Archive version here]
- Other
- Aesop (d. 564 BCE): Fables [Was At Eserver, now Internet Archive]
- Aesop (6th Century BCE): Fables illustrated by Arthur Rackham [Project Gutenberg]
- Demosthenes (384-322 BCE): Speeches full texts [At Demonax] [Internet Archive version here]
- Lucius Apulieus (c.123-c.170 CE): Apologia [Was At UPenn, now Internet Archive]
Full text in Latin and English, or see Translation by Butler [At MIT]
- Philostratus (2-3rd Cent CE): Life
Apollonius of Tyana (b.c.4 BCE), trans F.C. Conybeare 1912 [At MountainMan] [Internet Archive version here]
- Philostratus (2-3rd Cent CE): Life Apollonius of Tyana (b.c.4 BCE), trans F.C. Conybeare 1912 [At Sacred Texts] [Internet Archive version here]
- Philostratus (2-3rd Cent CE): Life Apollonius of Tyana (b.c.4 BCE), trans F.C. Conybeare 1912 [At Livius] [Internet Archive version here]
- Philostratus (2-3rd Cent CE): Life Apollonius of Tyana (b.c.4 BCE) In Ancient Greek
Back to Index
Rome
- Full texts here
- Historians
- Polybius (c.200-after 118 BCE)
*writes in Greek
- Plutarch (c.46-c.120 BCE): *writes in Greek
- Tacitus: (b.56/57-after 117 CE)
- Annals [At this Site, formerly ERIS][Full
Text]
- Life of Cnaeus Julius Agricola, c.98 CE trans.
J. Church and W. J. Brodribb. [At this Site]
- Germania. trans. J.
Church and W. J. Brodribb.[At Medieval Sourcebook]
- Germania,
trans. Thomas Gordon, full text, Also available in Latin. [At
Medieval Sourcebook]
- Suetonius (c.69-after 122 CE)
- Aelius Spartianus: Life of Hadrian, (r. 117-138 CE.),
complete. [At this Site]
- Poets
- Lucretius (98-c.55 BCE)
- Juvenal (c. 55/60-127 CE):
- Thinkers
- Lucretius (98-c.55 BCE)
- Cicero (105-43 BCE)
- Cicero (105-43 BCE): Selected Letters. 36 selected
letters. [At this Site]
- Cicero (105-43 BCE): On Friendship, or Laelius,
full text, trans by Evelyn S. Shuckburgh [At this Site]
- Cicero (105-43 BCE): On Friendship, or Laelius,
full text, trans by W. Melmoth [At this Site]
- Cicero (105-43 BCE): Old Age, c. 65 BCE (Harvard
Classics series)[At this Site]
- Marcus Aurelius Antonius (b.121-r.161-d.180 CE)
- Plotinus (c.205-c.270 CE)
- The Emperor Julian
- Mispogon (or "Beard-Hater")[At this Site]
- Other
- Pliny the Younger (61/62-113 CE)
- Selected Letters, c 100 CE (Harvard Classics series)[At
this Site]
Selected letters: General (110 letters), and Correspondence with the Emperor Trajan (122
letters).
- Letters, Book X. 25ff : The Correspondence of a
Provincial Governor and the Emperor Trajan, c. 112 CE [At this Site]
- Quintilian (b.30/35-c.100 CE): The Ideal Education,
The Institutes, Book 1: 1-26, c. 90 CE [At this Site]
- Notitia
Dignitatum (Register of Dignitaries), c. 400 [At this Site]
- Full texts elsewhere
- Historians
- Polybius (c.200-after 118 BCE) *writes in Greek
- Julius Caesar (100-44 BCE)
- Sallust (prob.86-35 BCE)
- Livy (59 BCE-17 CE)
History of Rome- complete surving text online in English translation
- Augustus (63 BCE-14 CE)
- Flavius Josephus (37- after 93 CE) *writes in Greek
-
Complete Works [At CCEL]
Includes Antiquities of the Jews, The Jewish War and Against Apion
-
Complete Works [different presentation] [At CCEL]
Includes Antiquities of the Jews, The Jewish War and Against Apion
- Plutarch (c.46-c.120 CE)
*writes in Greek
- Tacitus: (b.56/57-after 117 CE)
- Cassius Dio (c.155-c.235 CE) *writes in Greek
- Roman History trans. Earnest Cary, in Greek and English [Loeb], one big file. [Internet Archive]
- Roman History trans. Earnest Cary, chapter files [Lacus Curtius]
- Roman History trans. Earnest Cary, chapter files [Wikisource]
- Roman History trans Herbert B. Foster in 6 volumes [Project Gutenberg]
- Histoire Romaine trans in R. Gros, in Greek and French [Remacle]
- Appian (c.95-c.165) *writes in Greek
- Nicolaus of Damascus (1st Cent CE): Life of Augustus (63 BCE-14 CE)[At
CSUN] [Internet Archive version here]
- Aurelius Victor, Liber de
Caesaribus 13: Trajan [In Latin][At CSUN] [Internet Archive version here]
- Herodian (170-240 CE): History of the Roman Empire Since the Death of Marcus Aurelius (180-238 CE), full text [At Livius]
- Herodian (170-240 CE): History of the Roman Empire Since the Death of Marcus Aurelius (180-238 CE), full text [Wikisource]
- Historia Augusta (Lives of Roman Emperors 117-285), full text in Latin and English [At Lacus Curtius]
- Historia Augusta (Lives of Roman Emperors 117-285), full text in Latin [Wikisource]
- Aelius Spartianus (dates?): Life of Caracalla (r.211-217 CE) [Was At Heliogabby, now Internet Archive]
- Aelius Lampridius (dates?): Life of Heligabulus and in Latin (r.218-222 CE)[Was At Heliogabby, now Internet Archive][Full Text]
- Eutropius: Abridgement of Roman History. full etext in Latin and English [At CSL] [Internet Archive version here]
- Ammianus Marcellinus: The Roman History. trans. C.D. Yonge, full text, (London: H.G. Bohn, 1862) [Project Gutenberg] and here [Wikisource]
- Ammianus Marcellinus (c.330-395 CE): The Roman History During the Reigns of the Emperors Constantius, Julian, Jovianus, Valentinian, and Valens Trans. Charles Yonge, Charles Duke. [Full text in various formats] [Project Gutenberg]
- Jordanes: The Origins and Deeds of the Goths Trans Charles C Mierow 1915 Full Text [At Calgary] [Internet Archive version here] [PDF also at Internet Archive].
- Poets
- Plautus (d.184 BCE)
- Lucretius (99-55 BCE): The Nature of Things trans. William Ellery Leonard [Project Gutenberg]
- Catullus (c.84-c.54 BCE)
- Virgil (70-19 BCE)
- Petronius Arbiter (c.27-66 CE)
- The Satyricon,
translated by Alfred R. Allinson, 1930. [English translation linked to Latin text][At Sacred Text Archive] [Internet Archive version here] Also in Latin [At Latin Library].
- Juvenal (c. 55/60-127 CE)
- Satires 1,2,3,8,9, trans. N. Rudd [Was At Princeton, now Internet Archive]
- Avianus (fl. c. 400 CE): Fabulae in Latin [Was At UPenn, now Internet Archive]
- Priapea (collected 5th Cent CE) in
Latin [Was At IPA, now Internet Archive]
- Priapea (collected 5th Cent CE) in
Latin and Engliosh, trans. Richard Burton [At Sacred Texts] [Internet Archive version here]
Said by the Oxford Classical Dictionary to be "uniformly
obscene".
- Thinkers
- Cicero (105-43 BCE)
- Plotinus (c.205-c.270 CE)
- Porphyry (232/3-c.305 CE)
- Proclus (412-485 CE)
- Other
- Lucan (Marcus Annaeus Lucanus) (39-65 CE): Pharsalia (aka "The
Civil War") [At OMACL]
- Pliny the Younger (61/62-113 CE): The Letters of Pliny the Consul. With Occasional Remarks., Vol.2, (Tenth Edition), William Melmoth, London
(1805) [lightly emended] Book 10 [Was At Princeton, now Internet Archive]
-
Pliny the Elder (23/4-79 CE): Natural
History in Latin [At LacusCurtius][Full Text]
- Quintilian (b.30/35-c.100 CE): Institutes of Oratory,
c.96 CE. [Was At Iowa State, now Internet Archive]
- Apicius (proverbial gourmet): De Re
Coquinaria (4th Cent CE). Ancient Roman Recipes [At CMU] [Internet Archive version here]
- Vegetius (4th Cent CE): De Rei Militari trans John Clarke (1767) c. 371-392 CE [At DigitalAttic] [Internet Archive version here]
- Vegetius (4th Cent CE): Epitoma Rei Militari, Book I:11-20-sp; c. 371-392 CE, [Was At Armentarium, now Internet Archive]
- Libanius (314-c.393 CE): Funeral Oration on Julian [At Tertullian] [Internet Archive version here]
Back to Index
Christian
- Full texts elsewhere
- Historians
- Eusebius Pamphlius of Caesarea (260-340): Life of the Blessed Emperor Constantine [From Ante-Nicene and Nicene Fathers Series]
- Eusebius Pamphlius of Caesarea (260-340): Oration in Praise of Constantine [From Ante-Nicene and Nicene Fathers Series]
- Eusebius Pamphlius of Caesarea (260-340): Church History. [At New Advent] [From Ante-Nicene and Nicene Fathers Series] [Covers church history from beginning to Constantine I]
- Socrates Scholasticus (c.379-440): Ecclesiastical History [At New Advent site] [From Ante-Nicene and Nicene Fathers Series] [Covers 305-446 CE]
- Socrates Scholasticus (c.379-440): Ecclesiastical History [Wikisource] [Covers 305-446 CE]
- Philostorgius (c.368-c.439): Ecclesiastical History [From beginning of Arian Schism to 425] [At Tertullian]
Ostensibly a continuation of Eusebius but in reality a late apology for the extreme Arianism of Eunomius.
- Philostorgius (c.368-c.439): Ecclesiastical History [From beginning of Arian Schism to 425] [Wikisource]
- Sozomen Hermias (5th Century): Ecclesiastical History [At New Advent site] [From Ante-Nicene and Nicene Fathers Series][Covers 324-440 CE]
- Sulpitius Severus: Sacred History [At New Advent site] [From Ante-Nicene and Nicene Fathers Series]
- Sulpitius Severus (c.363-c.420): Sacred History [At New Advent] [From Ante-Nicene and Nicene Fathers Series]
- Theodoret of Cyrrhus (d.c. 457): Ecclesiastical History [At CCEL] [From Ante-Nicene and Nicene Fathers Series] [Covers 322-427 CE]
Back to Index
Asian Texts
- Full texts here
- Full texts elsewhere
Back to Index
The Internet Ancient History Sourcebook is part of the Internet History Sourcebooks Project. The date of inception was
4/8/1998. Links to files at other site are indicated by [At some indication of the site
name or location]. WEB indicates a link to one of small
number of high quality web sites which provide either more texts or an especially valuable
overview.
The Internet History Sourcebooks Project is located at the History Department of Fordham University, New York. The Internet Medieval Sourcebook, and other medieval components of the project, are located at the Fordham University Center for Medieval Studies.The IHSP recognizes the contribution of Fordham University, the Fordham University History Department, and the Fordham Center for Medieval Studies in
providing web space and server support for the project. The IHSP is a project independent of Fordham University. Although the IHSP seeks to follow all applicable copyright law, Fordham University is not the institutional owner, and is not liable as the result of any legal action.
© Site Concept and Design: Paul Halsall, created 26 Jan 1996: latest revision 15 February 2025 [CV]
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